Anda dapat menggunakan json_array_elements
di gabungan lateral, lalu tanyakan saja bidang yang Anda cari:
SELECT
field -> 'fieldid' AS id,
choice -> 'size' AS size
FROM
my_table,
json_array_elements(json_column -> 'base' -> 'fields') field,
json_array_elements(field -> 'choices') choice
WHERE
field ->> 'answer' = choice ->> 'choiceid'