Bagaimana saya bisa mempercepat kueri SELECT CONCAT/GROUP BY ini?

Buat indeks komposit di (state, city) dan tulis ulang kueri Anda seperti ini:

SELECT  CONCAT_WS(', ', city, state) AS location, AVG(latitude), AVG(longitude) 
FROM    places
WHERE   state='NY'
        AND city='New York'
GROUP BY
        state, city

Perhatikan bahwa untuk kueri ini Anda dapat menghilangkan GROUP BY klausa:

SELECT  'New York, NY' AS location, AVG(latitude), AVG(longitude) 
FROM    places
WHERE   state='NY'
        AND city='New York'

Namun, kueri ini masih membutuhkannya:

SELECT  CONCAT_WS(', ', city, state) AS location, AVG(latitude), AVG(longitude) 
FROM    places
WHERE   state='NY'
GROUP BY
        state, city