Bagaimana zona waktu ditangani dalam siklus hidup kolom ADO.NET + SQL Server DateTime?

Melakukan beberapa tes unit untuk menjawab pertanyaan saya sendiri di keempat bagian.

###1:Apakah SQL Server menyimpan DateTime.UtcNow sesuai, atau apakah itu mengimbanginya lagi berdasarkan zona waktu di mana server diinstal, dan kemudian mengembalikannya dengan offset-terbalik ketika ditanyai? Jalankan ini):

cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.UtcNow));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT CAST(val as varchar) value FROM testtbl";
Console.WriteLine(cmd.ExecuteScalar());

Hasilnya pada 13:30 waktu setempat (-7h, atau 20:30 UTC) adalah:

Jun  3 2010 8:30PM

Kemudian saya mencoba ini:

cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.UtcNow));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.WriteLine("change time zone to utc");
Console.ReadLine();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT CAST(val as varchar) value FROM testtbl";
Console.WriteLine(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
Console.WriteLine("change time zone back to local");

Dieksekusi pada 21:25 UTC, itu kembali

Jun  3 2010 9:25PM

Bandingkan ini dengan DateTime.Now:

cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.Now));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.WriteLine("change time zone to utc");
Console.ReadLine();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT CAST(val as varchar) value FROM testtbl";
Console.WriteLine(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
Console.WriteLine("change time zone back to local");

Dieksekusi pada 15:55 (lokal; -7h), dikembalikan:

Jun  3 2010  3:55PM

###2:Jadi saya memintanya dan melemparkannya dari objek ke DateTime setelah mendapatkannya dari, katakanlah, kolom IDataReader. Apakah objek System.DateTime yang dicor ini sudah mengetahui bahwa ini adalah instance UTC DateTime, atau apakah objek tersebut dianggap telah di-offset?

Tidak juga.

cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.UtcNow));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT val value FROM testtbl";
var retval = (DateTime)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
Console.WriteLine("Kind: " + retval.Kind);
Console.WriteLine("UTC: " + retval.ToUniversalTime().ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Local: " + retval.ToLocalTime().ToString());

Hasilnya (dilakukan pada 13:58 waktu setempat) adalah:

Kind: Unspecified
UTC: 6/4/2010 3:58:42 AM
Local: 6/3/2010 1:58:42 PM

Yaitu, .ToUniversalTime() akhirnya mengimbangi dari waktu lokal ke waktu UTC tidak hanya sekali tetapi dua kali (??), dan .ToLocalTime() akhirnya tidak mengimbangi sama sekali.

###3:Apakah ADO.NET meneruskan offset ke SQL Server dan apakah SQL Server menyimpan DateTime.Now dengan metadata offset?

Tanpa melakukan tes unit apa pun, jawabannya sudah diketahui sebagai tipe SQL "hanya dengan DateTimeOffset". datetime SQL's tidak melakukan offset.

###4:Apakah objek System.DateTime yang dicor ini sudah mengetahui bahwa ini adalah waktu offset, atau apakah ia menganggapnya sebagai UTC?

Juga tidak. Jenis DateTimeOffset SQL dikembalikan sebagai .NET DateTimeOffset struct.

Berikut ini dieksekusi pada 15:31 waktu setempat di mana kolom offval adalah tipe SQL datetimeoffset,

cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (offval) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.Now));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT offval value FROM testtbl";
object retvalobj = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
Console.WriteLine("Type: " + retvalobj.GetType().Name);
var retval = (DateTimeOffset)retvalobj;
Console.WriteLine("ToString(): " + retval.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("UTC: " + retval.ToUniversalTime().ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Local: " + retval.ToLocalTime().ToString());

Hal ini mengakibatkan:

Type: DateTimeOffset
ToString(): 6/3/2010 3:31:47 PM +00:00
UTC: 6/3/2010 3:31:47 PM +00:00
Local: 6/3/2010 8:31:47 AM -07:00

Perbedaan yang mengejutkan.

Kembali dan menjalankan tes untuk pertanyaan #1 di atas menggunakan DateTime.Now alih-alih DateTime.UtcNow, saya memvalidasi bahwa ADO.NET TIDAK mengonversi ke waktu universal sebelum menyimpan ke database.

Artinya, ini dieksekusi pada 15:27 waktu setempat (-7h):

 cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
 cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.Now));
 cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
 Console.WriteLine("change time zone to utc");
 Console.ReadLine();
 cmd.CommandText = "SELECT CAST(val as varchar) value FROM testtbl";
 Console.WriteLine(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
 Console.WriteLine("change time zone back to local");

.. kembali ..

Jun  3 2010  3:27PM

Menjalankan ini pada 15:17 waktu setempat:

cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.UtcNow));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT val FROM testtbl";
var result = (DateTime)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
Console.WriteLine("Kind: " + result.Kind);
Console.WriteLine("ToString(): " + result.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(1) > DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is greater than Now? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(1) > DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(1) < DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is less than Now? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(1) < DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(-1) > DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is greater than Now? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(-1) > DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(-1) < DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is less than Now? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(-1) < DateTime.Now).ToString());

Menghasilkan:

Kind: Unspecified
ToString(): 6/3/2010 10:17:05 PM
Add 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? True
Add 1 minute, is greater than Now? True
Add 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? False
Add 1 minute, is less than Now? False
Subtract 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? False
Subtract 1 minute, is greater than Now? True
Subtract 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? True
Subtract 1 minute, is less than Now? False

Bandingkan ini dengan DateTime.Now:

cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.Now));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT val FROM testtbl";
var result = (DateTime)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
Console.WriteLine("Kind: " + result.Kind);
Console.WriteLine("ToString(): " + result.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(1) > DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is greater than Now? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(1) > DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(1) < DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is less than Now? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(1) < DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(-1) > DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is greater than Now? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(-1) > DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(-1) < DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is less than Now? "
 + (result.AddMinutes(-1) < DateTime.Now).ToString());

Dieksekusi pada 15:58 (lokal, -7j):

Kind: Unspecified
ToString(): 6/3/2010 3:59:26 PM
Add 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? False
Add 1 minute, is greater than Now? True
Add 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? True
Add 1 minute, is less than Now? False
Subtract 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? False
Subtract 1 minute, is greater than Now? False
Subtract 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? True
Subtract 1 minute, is less than Now? True