Apa cara paling efisien untuk menormalkan teks dari kolom menjadi tabel?

Jika Anda memiliki jumlah kolom maksimum, sedikit XML dalam CROSS APPLY.

Jika tidak diketahui, Anda harus menggunakan DINAMIS.

Contoh

Declare @YourTable Table ([ID] varchar(50),[SomeCol] varchar(50))
Insert Into @YourTable Values 
 (1,'[Key1:Value1:Value2:Value3:Value4:Value5]')
,(2,'[Key2:Value1:Value2:Value3:Value4:Value5]')
,(3,'[Key3:Value1:Value2:Value3:Value4:Value5]')

Select A.ID
      ,B.*
 From  @YourTable A
 Cross Apply (
                Select Pos1 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[1]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos2 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[2]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos3 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[3]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos4 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[4]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos5 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[5]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos6 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[6]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos7 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[7]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos8 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[8]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos9 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[9]','varchar(max)')))
                From  (Select Cast('<x>' + replace(replace(replace(SomeCol,'[',''),']',''),':','</x><x>')+'</x>' as xml) as xDim) as A 
             ) B

Pengembalian

ID  Pos1    Pos2    Pos3    Pos4    Pos5    Pos6    Pos7    Pos8    Pos9
1   Key1    Value1  Value2  Value3  Value4  Value5  NULL    NULL    NULL
2   Key2    Value1  Value2  Value3  Value4  Value5  NULL    NULL    NULL
3   Key3    Value1  Value2  Value3  Value4  Value5  NULL    NULL    NULL

Saya harus menambahkan, ltrim(rtrim(...)) adalah opsional dan varchar(max) adalah default demonstratif saya.

Declare @S varchar(max)='
[Key1:Value1:Value2:Value3:Value4:Value5]
[Key2:Value1:Value2:Value3:Value4:Value5]
[Key3:Value1:Value2:Value3:Value4:Value5]
'

Select B.*
 From  (
        Select RetSeq = Row_Number() over (Order By (Select null))
              ,RetVal = LTrim(RTrim(B.i.value('(./text())[1]', 'varchar(max)')))
        From  (Select x = Cast('<x>' + replace(@S,char(13)+char(10),'</x><x>')+'</x>' as xml).query('.')) as A 
        Cross Apply x.nodes('x') AS B(i)
       ) A
 Cross Apply (
               Select  Pos1 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[1]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos2 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[2]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos3 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[3]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos4 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[4]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos5 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[5]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos6 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[6]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos7 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[7]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos8 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[8]','varchar(max)')))
                      ,Pos9 = ltrim(rtrim(xDim.value('/x[9]','varchar(max)')))
                From  (Select Cast('<x>' + replace(replace(replace(RetVal,'[',''),']',''),':','</x><x>')+'</x>' as xml) as xDim) as A 
       ) B
 Where A.RetVal is not null