Cara Memperbaiki "Pernyataan ALTER TABLE SWITCH gagal" Msg 4982 (SQL Server)

Jika Anda mendapatkan pesan kesalahan 4982 di SQL Server, itu karena tabel sumber Anda tidak memiliki batasan yang membatasi data hanya ke rentang yang didukung oleh partisi yang Anda coba alihkan.

Contoh Kesalahan

Begini tampilan kesalahannya:

Msg 4982, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
ALTER TABLE SWITCH statement failed. Check constraints of source table 'Test.dbo.OrdersOld' allow values that are not allowed by range defined by partition 3 on target table 'Test.dbo.OrdersNew'.

Kata-kata yang tepat akan tergantung pada nama tabel Anda, partisi, lingkungan, dll.

Saat Anda mencoba untuk mengalihkan data ke partisi baru, Anda ingin memastikan bahwa data mematuhi kisaran partisi tersebut. Misalnya, jika partisi Anda memiliki rentang 1 hingga 10, Anda tidak ingin secara tidak sengaja memasukkan nilai antara 11 dan 20 di dalamnya.

SQL Server ingin memastikan juga, dan itulah mengapa Anda mendapatkan kesalahan ini. Saat Anda mencoba mengalihkan data, SQL Server melihat tabel sumber untuk CHECK batasan yang membatasi data ke rentang yang ditentukan di partisi tujuan. Jika tidak menemukannya, Anda mendapatkan kesalahan ini.

Untuk memperbaikinya, tambahkan CHECK membatasi ke tabel sumber, dan pastikan itu membatasi data ke rentang yang didukung oleh partisi tempat Anda beralih.

Contoh Kode Masalah

Berikut kode yang menyebabkan kesalahan:

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg1;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILE (  
    NAME = OrdersNewFg1dat,  
    FILENAME = '/var/opt/mssql/data/OrdersNewFg1dat.ndf',  
    SIZE = 5MB,  
    MAXSIZE = 100MB,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB
    )  
TO FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg1;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg2;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILE (  
    NAME = OrdersNewFg2dat,  
    FILENAME = '/var/opt/mssql/data/OrdersNewFg2dat.ndf',  
    SIZE = 5MB,  
    MAXSIZE = 100MB,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB
    )  
TO FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg2;
GO
ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg3;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILE (  
    NAME = OrdersNewFg3dat,  
    FILENAME = '/var/opt/mssql/data/OrdersNewFg3dat.ndf',  
    SIZE = 5MB,  
    MAXSIZE = 100MB,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB
    )  
TO FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg3;
GO
ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg4;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILE (  
    NAME = OrdersNewFg4dat,  
    FILENAME = '/var/opt/mssql/data/OrdersNewFg4dat.ndf',  
    SIZE = 5MB,  
    MAXSIZE = 100MB,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB
    )  
TO FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg4;
GO

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION OrdersNewPartitionFunction (date)  
    AS RANGE RIGHT FOR VALUES (
        '20200201', 
        '20200301',
        '20200401'
    );
GO

CREATE PARTITION SCHEME OrdersNewPartitionScheme
    AS PARTITION OrdersNewPartitionFunction  
    TO (
        OrdersNewFg1,
        OrdersNewFg2,
        OrdersNewFg3,
        OrdersNewFg4
        );  
GO

CREATE TABLE OrdersOld (
    OrderDate date NOT NULL,
    OrderId int IDENTITY NOT NULL,
    OrderDesc varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT chkDate CHECK (OrderDate >= '20200301' AND OrderDate < '20200401'),
    CONSTRAINT PKOrdersOld PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED(OrderDate,OrderId)
    )
    ON OrdersNewFg3;
GO

INSERT INTO OrdersOld(OrderDate, OrderDesc) VALUES
    ('20200302', 'Cat food'),
    ('20200315', 'Water bowl'),
    ('20200318', 'Saddle for camel'),
    ('20200321', 'Dog biscuits'),
    ('20200328', 'Bigfoot shoes');
GO

CREATE TABLE OrdersNew (
    OrderDate date NOT NULL,
    OrderId int IDENTITY NOT NULL,
    OrderDesc varchar(255) NOT NULL
    )  
    ON OrdersNewPartitionScheme (OrderDate),
    CONSTRAINT PKOrdersNew PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED(OrderDate,OrderId);  
GO

ALTER TABLE OrdersOld
SWITCH TO OrdersNew PARTITION 3;

Hasil:

Msg 4982, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
ALTER TABLE SWITCH statement failed. Check constraints of source table 'Test.dbo.OrdersOld' allow values that are not allowed by range defined by partition 3 on target table 'Test.dbo.OrdersNew'.

Solusi

Ini kode yang sama tapi kali ini dengan CHECK yang sesuai batasan ditambahkan.

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg1;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILE (  
    NAME = OrdersNewFg1dat,  
    FILENAME = '/var/opt/mssql/data/OrdersNewFg1dat.ndf',  
    SIZE = 5MB,  
    MAXSIZE = 100MB,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB
    )  
TO FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg1;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg2;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILE (  
    NAME = OrdersNewFg2dat,  
    FILENAME = '/var/opt/mssql/data/OrdersNewFg2dat.ndf',  
    SIZE = 5MB,  
    MAXSIZE = 100MB,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB
    )  
TO FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg2;
GO
ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg3;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILE (  
    NAME = OrdersNewFg3dat,  
    FILENAME = '/var/opt/mssql/data/OrdersNewFg3dat.ndf',  
    SIZE = 5MB,  
    MAXSIZE = 100MB,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB
    )  
TO FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg3;
GO
ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg4;
GO

ALTER DATABASE Test ADD FILE (  
    NAME = OrdersNewFg4dat,  
    FILENAME = '/var/opt/mssql/data/OrdersNewFg4dat.ndf',  
    SIZE = 5MB,  
    MAXSIZE = 100MB,  
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB
    )  
TO FILEGROUP OrdersNewFg4;
GO

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION OrdersNewPartitionFunction (date)  
    AS RANGE RIGHT FOR VALUES (
        '20200201', 
        '20200301',
        '20200401'
    );
GO

CREATE PARTITION SCHEME OrdersNewPartitionScheme
    AS PARTITION OrdersNewPartitionFunction  
    TO (
        OrdersNewFg1,
        OrdersNewFg2,
        OrdersNewFg3,
        OrdersNewFg4
        );  
GO

CREATE TABLE OrdersOld (
    OrderDate date NOT NULL,
    OrderId int IDENTITY NOT NULL,
    OrderDesc varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT chkDate CHECK (OrderDate >= '20200301' AND OrderDate < '20200401'),
    CONSTRAINT PKOrdersOld PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED(OrderDate, OrderId)
    )
    ON OrdersNewFg3;
GO

INSERT INTO OrdersOld(OrderDate, OrderDesc) VALUES
    ('20200302', 'Cat food'),
    ('20200315', 'Water bowl'),
    ('20200318', 'Saddle for camel'),
    ('20200321', 'Dog biscuits'),
    ('20200328', 'Bigfoot shoes');
GO

CREATE TABLE OrdersNew (
    OrderDate date NOT NULL,
    OrderId int IDENTITY NOT NULL,
    OrderDesc varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT PKOrdersNew PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED(OrderDate, OrderId)
    )  
    ON OrdersNewPartitionScheme (OrderDate);  
GO

ALTER TABLE OrdersOld
SWITCH TO OrdersNew PARTITION 3;

Hasil:

Commands completed successfully.

Data sekarang telah berhasil dialihkan ke partisi.